个体化视野下的快递小哥职业困境及其应对

The Professional Dilemma of the Deliveryman and its Countermeasures in the View of Individualization

本文采用半结构化访谈方法,从个体化社会视角剖析快递小哥面临的职业困境与职业风险。研究发现,原子化的工作方式、同质化的社会关系和流沙化的组织状态最终导致了快递小哥陷入职业内卷化的困境。而主体性缺位、社会保险制度脱嵌和负面社会心态的生成,共同导致了快递小哥职业困境的再生产。从个体化风险应对角度看,缓解这一困境的基本思路是再嵌入,包括制度再嵌入如创新社会保险险种,组织再嵌入如自发组建保障基本权益的民间组织,技能再嵌入如让快递小哥拥有良好的职业发展通道。

In this paper,the semi-structured interview method is used to analyze the career dilemma and career risk faced by the Courier boy from the perspective of individualized society.The study found that the atomized working style,homogenized social relations and fluidized organization state ultimately led the Courier boy to fall into the dilemma of career entangled.However,the absence of subjectivity,the disintegration of social insurance system and the generation of negative social mentality all lead to the reproduction of the career dilemma of the Courier boy.From the perspective of individualized risk response,the basic ideas to alleviate this dilemma are re-embedding,including re-embedding system,such as innovation of social insurance types,re-embedding organization,such as the spontaneous establishment of civil organizations to protect basic rights and interests,and re-embedding skills,such as enabling delivery men to have a good career development channel.