全面发育迟缓儿童的气质特点研究

Research on temperament characteristics of children with global developmental delay

目的分析全面发育迟缓(global developmental delay,GDD)儿童的气质特点,为其教育干预方案的制定和修订提供理论依据。方法采用Gesell智能发育诊断量表评价儿童发育商(development quotient,DQ),筛选出GDD及发育正常儿童。利用Carey儿童气质系列问卷(中文修订版)中1~3岁幼儿气质评估表(toddler temperament scale,TTS)和3~7岁儿童气质问卷(behavioral style questionnaire,BSQ)对117例GDD儿童(GGD组)和54例发育正常儿童(对照组)的气质进行测试和分析。结果GDD组与对照组儿童的气质类型分布的差异有统计学意义(P=0.049);2组气质维度适应性、情绪本质、坚持性、注意分散度得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDD组儿童精细动作和适应性DQ与气质维度反应强度得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05);大运动DQ与气质维度反应阈得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05);语言和个人社交DQ均与气质维度适应性得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与注意分散度得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论与发育正常儿童比较,GDD儿童的适应性较低,情绪较消极,坚持性较差,注意力不易分散。GDD儿童气质维度与智能发育各功能区DQ存在一定的相关性。在对GDD儿童实施教育干预时,应结合其气质特点,进行个体化干预,提高智能发育水平。

Objective To analyze the temperament characteristics of children with global developmental delay(GDD),so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation and revision of educational intervention programs.MethodsChildren's development quotient(DQ)was evaluated through Gesell's intelligence test.GDD and normal development children were screened out.The temperament of 117 GDD children(GDD group)and 54 normal development children(control group)was tested and statistically analyzed with the toddler temperament scale(TTS)for children aged 1-3 and the behavioral style questionnaire(BSQ)for children aged 3-7.Results The distribution of temperament types in the GDD group was statistically significant compared with that of the control group(P=0.049).There was no significant difference in the distribution of temperament types between the GDD group and the control group(P>0.05).The adaptation,mood,persistence and distractibility of children in the GDD group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).The intelligence DQ of the GDD group was correlated in different levels with rhythm,adaptation,response intensity,persistence,distractibility and response threshold,among which the fine motor and the adaptation DQ were positively correlated with the response intensity(P<0.05).The gross motor DQ was positively correlated with the response threshold(P<0.05).The language and the personal-social DQ were positively correlated with adaptation and distractibility(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the children in the control group,the GDD group children's adaptation is lower,their mood is negative,their persistence is poor and their attention is not easier to be distracted,a certain correlation exists between temperament dimension and intelligence DQ of children in the GDD group.The temperament characteristics of GDD children should be considered to carry out individual intervention in the process of implementing educational intervention,so as to promote the intellectual improvement of the GDD children.