层状双金属氢氧化物的控制合成及其在水处理中的应用

Morphology Control of Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Application in Water Remediation

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)作为无机层状粒子的典型代表,已在众多应用领域展现出巨大潜力。然而,目前的研究大多从LDH的层板组成、层间阴离子种类以及粒子尺寸的角度入手对其进行功能优化,较少关注形貌结构对LDH性能的影响。本文从简要介绍LDH的基本结构和性质出发,详细总结了常规六方片状以及特殊形貌(球状、多面体状、纳米线状、环状等)LDH的制备方法。结合LDH与其他功能粒子复合以提升其综合性能的需求,深入分析了反应配方、合成条件以及基体表面性质对LDH复合材料形貌的调控规律,并综述LDH及其复合物分别作为吸附、催化和分离材料在水处理中的应用。最后,对当前控制合成LDH所存在的难点及其未来研究方向进行了展望。

As a typical representative of inorganic layered materials,layered double hydroxide(LDH)has attracted intensive interest in the well-established and advanced fields of applications.However,current studies on the function optimization of LDH mainly focus on tuning the composition,interlayer anions and particle size,ignoring the relationship between the morphology and property.This review starts with a brief introduction of the basic structure and property of LDH,and then summarizes the LDH synthetic methods of the traditional hexagonal platelets and novel morphologies like microspheres,nanocages,nanowires and nanorings.To improve the comprehensive performance of LDH composite materials,the construction mechanism has been deeply explored through controlling the reaction condition and formulation,as well as the surface property of matrix.In addition,we also discuss the potential applications of LDH composites in water remediation as the adsorbents,catalysts and separation materials.Finally,the present difficulties and development trends of controlling synthesis of LDH are prospected.