面向突发公共卫生事件的公众科学应用探索及平台体系构建

Public Scientific Application Exploration and Platform System Construction for Public Health Emergencies

[目的/意义]突发公共卫生事件的复杂性、交互性、专业性及影响力的日益增强,给传统的应急管理系统带来了巨大挑战。本文旨在基于大众力量和群体智慧的公众科学模式,为突发公共卫生事件的应急管理提供一种创新的、多层次的视角。[方法/过程]研究以新冠疫情的暴发为背景,在分析梳理公众科学及危机众包的研究和实践现状的基础上,重新审视了群策群力在应急管理体系中的重要性和必要性,提出构建面向突发公共卫生事件的公众科学平台的现实任务。[结果/结论]研究指出了目前公众科学介入突发公共事件应急管理的三个症结:重响应,轻防护;重参与,轻合作;重贡献,轻共创。针对该现状,文章首先明确了公共卫生类公众科学的内涵定位,其次从"造"与"用"、基本框架和能动性三个角度构建了面向突发公共卫生事件公众科学平台的体系。研究为完善国家公共卫生应急管理体系,提升社会防控治理能力,增强公众健康素养提供参考。

[Purpose/significance] The increasing complexity,interactivity,professionalism,and impact of public health emergencies have brought grand challenges for traditional emergency management systems.This paper aims to provide an innovative and multi-layered perspective for public health crisis management based on the power of the crowd.[Method/process] This paper targets at the outbreak of COVID-19 and endeavors to revisit the wisdom of crowds in public health emergencies.Specifically,the study reviews the current status of crisis crowdsourcing and health-related citizen science projects,and proposes a conceptual framework for the construction of citizen science platforms for public health emergencies.[Result/conclusion] We identify three problems in the application of citizen science for public health emergency management:emphasizing response but ignoring prevention;emphasizing participation but ignoring cooperation;emphasizing contribution but ignoring co-production.Firstly,we clarify the essence of citizen science in the public health domain.Secondly,we discuss the construction of citizen science platform in the public health emergencies domain from three aspects, "making" and "using",fundamental framework,and influence.Overall,the study can shed light on the construction of national emergency management systems,enhancing the capacity for social prevention and control,and improving public health literacy.