皮肤角质形成细胞的免疫学特性与基因调控研究进展

Research advances on immunological properties and gene regulation of skin keratinocytes

角质形成细胞(KC)是构成表皮的主要细胞,具有免疫原性且发挥着重要的免疫作用。KC介导的免疫反应在固有免疫应答中发挥着始动作用。KC主要通过Toll样受体和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体识别抗原,活化后通过信号转导途径上调细胞因子、趋化因子和抗菌肽的表达,帮助启动皮肤免疫应答;通过吸引炎症细胞和固有免疫细胞,如肥大细胞、巨噬细胞等参与早期固有免疫应答。关于KC免疫原性的分子生物学机制与调控措施的研究对构建皮肤替代物,如细胞膜片用于创面修复有着重要的意义。本文对皮肤KC的免疫学特性与基因调控的研究进展进行综述。

Keratinocytes(KCs)are the main cells that constitute the epidermis,which have immunogenicity and play important roles in immunity.KCs-mediated immune response plays an initiating role in the innate immune response.KCs recognize antigens mainly through Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors.After being activated,KCs up-regulate the expressions of cytokines,chemokines,and antibacterial peptides via signal transduction pathways and help initiate skin immune response.KCs also participate in early innate immune response by attracting inflammatory cells and innate immune cells such as mast cells and macrophages.Studies on the molecular biological mechanism and regulatory measures of KCs′immunogenicity are of great significance for the construction of skin substitutes such as cell sheets to repair wounds.This article reviews the research advances in immunological properties and gene regulation of KCs.