泥石流冲击弧形拦挡坝动力响应研究

Study on dynamic response of debris flow impact arc-shaped dam

泥石流冲击过程中,坝基位置处承受了较大冲击力,易引起该位置出现应力集中而导致局部冲击破坏。为此,将竖向拦挡坝结构优化为弧形拦挡坝,并基于动量及能量守恒开展泥石流冲击弧形拦挡坝理论计算研究,推导泥石流对弧形拦挡坝的冲击力及爬升高度计算公式。为验证理论公式的正确性,进一步开展泥石流冲击弧形拦挡坝物理模型试验。研究结果表明:物理模型试验结果与所推导的理论公式计算结果具有较高的拟合度,该理论公式可适用于泥石流对弧形拦挡坝的冲击计算;泥石流流速、冲击力、爬升高度与泥石流沟道纵坡坡度呈正相关关系;冲击力及爬升高度主要受弗洛德数Fr、泥石流沟道纵坡坡度α、拦挡坝弧形半径R控制,并与Fr呈二次方正相关,与泥石流沟道纵坡坡度α的余弦值成反比;与竖向型拦挡坝结构相比,弧形拦挡坝结构在爬升高度上无显著影响,然而可较大程度降低泥石流对坝体的法向冲击力,局部结构增强也使得坝体结构强度得到提升。该研究可为泥石流拦挡坝工程的结构设计提供理论及技术支持。

Dam foundation is subjected to a larger impact force when debris flow runs up, causing stress concentration and local impact failure. To address this problem, in this study the vertical structures are optimized into arc-shaped dams. Based on the principle of momentum and energy conservation, the theoretical calculations of the impact process of debris flow and arc-shaped dam are carried out, and the formulas of impact force and maximum run-up height of debris flow are deduced. The theoretical formulas are verified through a series of physical model tests of debris flow impact arc-shaped dam. The results show that the results of the physical model are highly consistent with those of the theoretical calculations, indicating that the proposed theoretical formulas are applicable in the calculation of the impact of debris flow on arc-shaped dam. The debris velocity, impact force and the maximum run-up height are proportional to the flume slope of debris flow. The impact force and the maximum run-up height are mainly controlled by Froude number(Fr), flume slope(α), and arc-shaped radius(R). Both the impact force and the maximum run-up height have quadratic relationships with the Froude number, and are inversely proportional to the cosine of the flume slope. Compared with the rigid vertical structures, the arc-shaped dams have no signicicant influence on the maximum run-up height, but it can reduce the normal impact force on the dam considerably, and the structure strength can also be enhanced by the strengthening of local structure. This study provides a theoretical and technical support for the dam structure design.