农村校长领导力是如何影响学生学业成绩的?——基于教师集体效能、学校文化的多重中介效应研究

How Does Rural Headmaster Leadership Affect Students'Academic Achievements?

为了解农村校长领导力是如何影响学生学业成绩的,该研究在黑龙江、山东、广东、浙江四个省份的农村学校进行了调研。研究发现:农村校长领导力及其要素对学生学业成绩均有显著的独立影响;不同农村学校特征下校长领导力各要素对学生学业成绩影响存在差异;在将所有中介变量投入到模型中后,教师集体效能、积极学校文化、中性学校文化、消极学校文化的中介效应以及直接效应均显著。其中,教师集体效能、积极学校文化、中性学校文化中介效应值为正向的,起到的是积极的促进作用,而且教师集体效能和积极学校文化中介效应占总效应比例均较大;农村校长领导力的直接效应虽然占总效应比例也较大,但它与消极学校文化都是负向的,起到的是阻碍或消减作用。因此,农村学校办学过程中,校长要不断反思与改进校长领导力实践,以增强其对学生学业成绩的直接影响;组织建设富有积极价值的学校文化,为教师集体效能提升搭建平台,以增强其对提升学生学业成绩的中介效应。

In order to understand how the leadership of rural headmasters affects students'academic performance,this study investigated rural schools in Heilongjiang,Shandong,Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces.It is found that rural headmasters'leadership and its elements have significant independent influence on students'academic achievement;under the different rural school characteristic,the influence of principal's leadership on students'academic achievement is different;after all the mediating variables were put into the model,the mediating effects of teachers'collective efficacy,positive school culture,neutral school culture and negative school culture and direct effects were significant,among them,teachers'collective efficacy,positive school culture and neutral school culture mediating effect are positive,which play a positive role,moreover,teachers'collective efficacy and positive school culture mediating effect both account for a larger proportion of total effect;although the direct effect accounts for a large proportion of the total effect,it is negative with the negative school culture,which acts as a hindrance or a reduction.Therefore,in the process of running schools in rural areas,principals should constantly reflect on and improve the practice of principals'leadership to enhance its direct impact on students'academic achievement;principals should organize and build a school culture with positive value,and build a platform for teachers'collective efficacy to enhance the intermediary effect of students'academic achievement.