核桃物候期观察与避晚霜品种的筛选

Observation on the phenophase of walnut and varieties selection for late frost avoidance

针对核桃容易遭受晚霜危害而制约生产的问题,对汾阳地区11个核桃品种进行物候期观察,选择避晚霜品种及授粉品种。结果表明:各品种间物候期差异较大,芽萌动期变异系数最大为4.6%,说明芽萌动的时间差异最大,雄花盛开期变异系数最小,为0.7%,说明雄花盛开期较为集中;11个核桃品种均为雄先型,其中礼品2号、清香、汾核7号、上宋6号、垂林5个品种花期不遇,相差4天以上,栽植时需要配授粉树;汾核4号、汾核5号、汾核6号、金薄丰、晋丰、西林3号6个品种花期相遇,可以自花授粉。清香和上宋6号,雌花盛开期均在5月,能避开晚霜危害,汾核系列、礼品2号雌花盛开期在4月底,一般能避开晚霜危害。

In view of the problem that walnuts are easy to suffer from late frost damage and restrict production,11 walnut varieties in Fenyang were observed in phenophase,and the late frost-resistant varieties and pollinated varieties were selected.The results showed that there were great differences among all kinds of sources,the maximum variation coefficient at germination period was 4.6%,which indicated that the difference of germination period was the largest,and the minimum variation coefficient at blooming of male flowers was 0.7%,which indicated that the blooming period of male flowers was relatively concentrated.The 11 walnut varieties were female-first type.The five varieties including Lipin No.2,Qingxiang,Fenhe No.7,Shangsong No.6 and Chulin.had different flowering periods,with a difference of more than four days,and needed to be planted with pollination trees.The six varieties,including Fenhe No.4,Fenhe No.5,Fenhe No.6,Jinbofeng,Jinfeng and Xilin No.3 meet in flowering period and could self-pollination.The female flowers of Qingxiang and Shangsong No.6 bloomed in May,which could avoid the harm of late frost.The female flowers of Fenhe series and Lipin No.2 were in full bloom at the end of April,and generally could avoid the late frost.