汽车声学包轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of Automotive Sound Package

本文旨在研究汽车声学包的轻量化设计,要求在保证声学性能的前提下,尽可能实现轻量化的目标。首先运用统计能量法建立了包含车身结构和各声腔的整车模型,提取80 km/h匀速工况下发动机舱的声辐射激励、动力总成激励和车身表面脉动压力激励,并将其施加在该模型上,获得驾驶员头部声腔声压,结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了模型的有效性。接着根据各子系统对驾驶员头部声腔声压的贡献量分析结果,对内前围和前地板声学包提出了改进方案。最后以改进方案中各层材料厚度为设计变量,以驾驶员头部声腔总声压级和声学包总质量为目标构建Kriging近似模型,采用多目标遗传算法对声学包材料厚度进行优化,优化后的声学包声学性能与原来相当,而总质量减轻了20.76%。

This paper aims to study the lightweight design of automotive sound package,requesting its mass as lightas possible while ensuring its acoustic performance. Firstly,statistical energy analysis is utilized to build a vehicle model cover-ing vehicle body structure and all sound cavities,and the sound radiation excitation of engine compartment,the powertrain ex-citation and the pulsation pressure excitation of body surface at an 80 km/h cruising condition are extracted and applied on themodel to obtain the sound pressure of driver’s head cavity,which agree well with the test results,verifying the validity of themodel. Then the contributions of all subsystems to the sound pressure of driver’s head cavity are analyzed,and based on whichthe improvement schemes for the sound packages of inner front bulkhead and front floor panel are proposed. Finally,with thethickness of each panel in improvement schemes as variables,the total sound pressure level of driver’s head cavity and the to-tal mass of two sound packages as objectives,the kriging surrogate models are constructed,and the multi-objective geneticalgorithm is adopted to optimize the panel thicknesses of two sound packages. After optimization,the total mass oftwo sound packages reduces by 20.76% without worsening the acoustic performance of two sound packages.