藏茶卧式发酵机的设计和试验

Design and experiment of horizontal fermentation machine for Tibetan tea

为解决藏茶渥堆过程中发酵不均匀、渥堆时间长等问题,设计了一种藏茶卧式发酵机。该设备由罐体、搅拌装置、输送装置、温湿度控制系统等组成。发酵机控温保湿,集输送、发水、渥堆、翻堆于一体,电机带动搅拌轴转动罐内茶堆,由搅拌叶片实现翻堆。对罐体、输料装置、控制系统进行了设计,并确定罐体尺寸(4240 mm×2300 mm×3170 mm)、发酵罐尺寸(内径×长)1900 mm×3900 mm,总容积11 m3、罐体转速15 r/min,工作温度20~100℃,最大容量1000 kg。筛选了机械渥堆前的渥堆温度、渥堆时间和茶坯含水量,进行渥堆试验,最佳工艺参数为渥堆温度70℃、渥堆110 h、茶坯含水量为30%。发酵机制成的藏茶成茶汤色橙红明亮,滋味醇和回甘,感官审评得分高于传统渥堆1.2分,渥堆周期缩短了24 d。

In order to realize the clean production of Tibetan tea,a horizontal tea fermentation machine was designed to solve the problems of labor intensity,poor sanitary conditions,uneven fermentation and difficult food hygiene during the process of Tibetan tea piles.The equipment consists of a tank body,a stirring device,a mechanical transmission mechanism,a bracket and a temperature and humidity control system.This fermentation machine controls the temperature and the moisture of the Tibetan tea,which has the function of transporting,watering,piling,and heaping.The motor drives the stirring shaft to rotate pot tea pile,to realize heaping by stirring blades.The tank body,the conveying device and the control system are designed to determine the size of the tank(4240 mm×2300 mm×3170 mm),the size of the fermenter of 1900 mm×3900 mm,the total volume of 11 m3,the speed of the tank 15 r/min,the working temperature 20~100℃,and the maximum capacity of 1000 kg.The main factor affecting the Tibetan tea pile is the temperature,the stacking time and the water content of the tea slab.By optimization,the optimum process parameters are the reactor temperature of 70℃,the stacking time of 110 h,and the water content of the tea billet of 30%.The Tibetan tea soup made by fermentation machine is orange red and bright in color,and mellow in taste and sweet in taste.The score of sensory evaluation is 1.2 points higher than that of traditional pile,and the pile period is shortened 24 days.