农业转移人口市民化:空间实践及其性别差异

Citizenization of Rural Migrants: Spatial Practice and its Gender Differences

空间实践与空间适应是农业转移人口市民化的重要维度。农业转移人口的空间实践不仅反映其生活状态、行为方式,同时也反映其所处空间内的社会关系。从居住空间实践来看,农业转移人口自乡村向城市的流动,完成了水平分散居住向集中居住的转变。城市社区商品房住宅空间结构的开放与闭合之间的张力,导致农业转移人口空间适应存在困境,对其社会交往也产生了限制。职住分离以及农业转移人口相对较忙碌的工作特征,造成农业转移人口生活路径与居住路径的截然分割,导致其社会交往的离散性。而性别角色分工的不同,则使农业转移人口的城市空间实践与市民化存在明显的性别差异。女性的社区居住空间适应较男性更容易,且周期更短,并可能带动农业转移人口整个家庭的社区空间融入。男性农业转移人口的职业空间融入则更加迅速,且相对稳定。职业空间与居住空间的实践与适应,共同作用于农业转移人口的城市空间融入和市民化。

Spatial practice and spatial adaptation are important dimensions of citizenization of rural migrants. The spatial practice of rural migrants not only reflects their living conditions and behavior,but also reflects their social relations in the space. From the perspective of residential spatial practice,the transfer of agricultural population from rural areas to urban areas has completed the transformation from horizontal scattered living to centralized living. The tension between the opening and closing of the spatial structure of commercial housing in urban communities leads to the difficulties in the spatial adaptation of rural migrants,and also limits their social communication. The separation of work and residence and the relatively busy working characteristics of the rural migrants lead to the sharp separation of their working and living,resulting in the dispersion of their social communication. However,due to the difference of gender roles,there are obvious gender differences in urban spatial practice and citizenization of rural migrants. It is easier for women to adapt to the community living space than men,and the cycle is shorter,which may lead to the integration of the whole family of rural migrants into the community. The occupation space integration of male rural migrants is more rapid and relatively stable. The practice and adaptation of occupation space and residential space jointly affect the urban space integration and citizenization of rural migrants.