广东麻竹笋及产地土壤重金属污染与风险评价

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Risks of Bamboo(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)Shoots and Soils in Guangdong Province

在广东省揭阳市揭东县、清远市英德市、清远市清新区内共采集了79批次麻竹Dendrocalamus latiflorus笋及其产地土壤样品,分析重金属(铬、铜、铅)含量。结果显示土壤样品中铬、铜、铅含量平均值依次为38.6、23.1、30.3 mg/kg,参照GB 15618—2018标准,达标率分别为100%、93.7%、96.2%;综合污染指数表明,土壤污染程度为安全、警戒、轻污染的批次分别占84.8%、10.1%、5.1%,无中污染或重污染批次。麻竹笋样品中铬、铜、铅含量平均值依次为0.19、3.57、0.054 mg/kg,参照GB 2762—2017标准,铬、铅达标率分别为100%、87.3%;目标危害系数法评估显示,麻竹笋中3种重金属对暴露成人人群的健康无明显风险;麻竹笋对重金属的吸收能力:铜>铬≥铅。

We have analyzed heavy metal(chromium Cr,copper Cu and lead Pb)contents of 79 bamboo(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)shoot and 79 soil samples which were collected from Jiedong county,Yingde city and Qingxin district in Guangdong province.It turned out that the average values of Cr,Cu and Pb in soils were 38.6,23.1 and 30.3 mg/kg,respectively,with qualification rates of 100%,93.7%and 96.2%according to GB 15618—2018.Nemerow multi-factor pollution indexes indicated that soil samples with levels of clean,alert limit and mild polluted accounted for 84.8%,10.1%and 5.1%,while no moderate or severe polluted ones were observed.Average values of Cr,Cu and Pb contents in bamboo shoots were 0.19,3.57 and 0.054 mg/kg,respectively,resulting in qualification rates of 100%for Cr and 83.7%for Pb referring to GB 2762—2017.Target hazard quotients demonstrated that the three heavy metals posed no health risks to adults.The bamboo shoot samples exhibited stronger absorption capacity for Cu from soils than for Cr and Pb.