灰木莲——华南地区具优良防火特性的多用途树种研究进展

Manglietia conifera—A Multi-purpose Tree Species with Excellent Fire Break Effect in South China

生物防火林带的建设是森林资源保护的重要措施,而我国华南地区目前防火树种的应用较为单一,导致防火林带的生物群落结构和稳定性差,生态功能效益不高。文章通过文献综述,以灰木莲Manglietia conifera为例,梳理了近20年来该新型生物防火林带树种的研究进展。结果表明:(1)灰木莲树种生长速度快,生物量和树体的碳含率高,已成为华南地区常见的迹地造林、碳汇造林、生态公益林改造和国家战略储备林大径材培育等的重要树种之一。(2)灰木莲树体优美,花淡黄且优美,是城乡园林绿化的优良树种之一。(3)灰木莲具有较好的杀菌、抗霉和滞尘能力,林分内的空气负离子浓度和精气含量可达到保健浓度水平,因而成为森林康养林营建的重要树种。(4)灰木莲具有良好的防火性能,其耐火综合能力评价指标与传统的木荷Schima superba和油茶Camellia oleifera等树种相当,不仅其树体含水量高,而且灰木莲林分的枯枝落叶层和土壤层的蓄水能力强。因此,灰木莲是一个具有优良防火特性的多用途树种,值得在华南地区大力推广应用。

The construction of bio-fireproof forest belt is very important for the protection of forest resources,but there were not enough tree species for fire-resistant application at present in south China,resulting in poor biological community structure and stability of fire prevention forest belt,even low ecological function benefits.So this paper straightens out the progress of Manglietia conifera as a new fire-resistant tree specie nearly past two decades by the method of literature summary,the results show that:1)M.conifera is a grow fast tree species,and with high storage of biomass and carbon.It has become one of the most important tree species in South China,such as slash afforestation,carbon sink afforestation,ecological forest transformation,large-diameter timber cultivation of national strategic reserve forests and so on.2)M.conifera is an excellent tree species which grows fast with good tree form and beautiful flowers,it was widely used for the construction of landscape and garden.3)M.conifera is also become an important tree species for the construction of health forest,because of its good ability of sterilization,mildew resistance and dust retention,it nearly reach the level of hygienical section with the aero-anion concentration and content of phytoncidere.4)M.conifera has good fire break effect and it is similar with Schima superba and Camellia oleifera following the result by comprehensive evaluation index of fire prevention.Not only with the plentiful water content,but also the strong water storage capacity of the litter and soil layer in forest.In a word,M.conifera is a multi-purpose tree species with excellent fire break effect and it will be extended cultivation in South China.