国土空间规划背景下的城市近郊村庄精明收缩规划实践探索——以宁波市永旺村为例

Practical Research on Smart Shrinking Planning of Villages in the Urban Suburbs under the Background of Territorial Spatial Planning:A Case Study of Yongwang Village in Ningbo

我国城市化进程中长期存在“城市人增地更增,农村人减地不减”的现象。随着国土空间规划体系的建立和乡村振兴战略的提出,我国乡村面临资源要素约束加强和发展标准全面提升的双重压力,精明收缩成为未来村庄发展的一种趋势。收缩型村庄存在不同的类型,城市近郊地区是约束收缩型村庄主要的分布地,这类村庄具有较强的发展动力,但由于受到土地、环境、景观、产业政策等多方面的约束,只能在现有的、甚至更小的发展空间内实现转型发展。在国土空间体系下,精明收缩的村庄规划应从以往片面的关注建设空间转变到关注全域空间,不仅要提升建设空间的品质,更要挖掘农业空间的价值,通过引入新兴产业,多元方式运作、盘活存量土地、优化空间布局、出台保障政策、建立长效机制等手段,低成本、低阻力地打破传统发展路径依赖,走出一条高质量的转型发展之路。

In the process of urbanization in China,there has been a long-term phenomenon that urban population is increasing with land increasing,and the rural population is decreasing but the land is not.With the establishment of the territorial spatial planning system and the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy,China's rural areas are faced with the strengthened restriction of resource elements,and the double pressure of the overall improvement of development standards.The smart shrinking is becoming a trend in the future village development.There are different types of shrinking villages.The suburban areas of the city are the main distribution areas of the restricted shrinking villages,where villages have strong development power.However,owing to the limits such as land,environment,landscape,industrial policies,the transformation and development is bounded to existing and even smaller development space.The villages'smart shrinking planning should be transformed from the construction space of unilateral attention to the global space.Not only the quality of the construction space should be improved,the value of the agriculture space should also be excavated.The stock land is revitalized,the arrangement of the space is optimized,the security policy is introduced,the long-term mechanisms and so on are established through the multiple operation of the introducing of the new industries.The dependence of the traditional development path will be broken up with low cost and low resistance,and the high quality of the transformation road will be found.