齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼在竖缝式鱼道模型中的上溯行为研究

Study on migration behaviors of juvenile Schizothorax prenanti in a vertical slot fishway model

为了解齐口裂腹鱼在鱼道中的上溯情况,在大比尺竖缝式鱼道物理模型中开展了以齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为过鱼对象的过鱼试验研究。试验中对通过时间、通过率和上溯轨迹进行了记录,并运用Spearman秩相关分析对齐口裂腹鱼的上溯轨迹和池室结构的水力因子(流速、紊动能、总水力应变)进行了分析。研究发现,试验用鱼通过时间平均值为132.7 s,多数鱼倾向于快速通过鱼道完成上溯。试验鱼道通过率为71.9%,过鱼效果良好。多数齐口裂腹鱼上溯过程中会避开高流速区、高紊动能区和高水力应变区,在池室内齐口裂腹鱼上溯轨迹主要分布于上述参数较低的右侧回流区和隔板背水面,竖缝断面处多数齐口裂腹鱼选择上述参数相对较低的隔板侧区域通过。研究结果可为相关竖缝式鱼道设计和实践提供参考。

A scaled vertical slot fishway model is adopted to study the migration behaviors of juvenile Schizothorax prenanti. In the experiment, the passage time, passage rate and migration trajectory are recorded. The correlation between the migration trajectories of Schizothorax prenanti and the hydraulic indexes, such as velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and total hydraulic strain, are Spearman rank correlation analyzed. The results show that the average passage time of the experimental fish is 132.7 s,and most of the fish tends to quickly go through the fishway to complete the migration;The fishway are efficient with a passage rate of 71.9%.Most Schizothorax prenanti will avoid high velocity area, high turbulent kinetic energy area and high hydraulic strain area in the migration process. In the pool,Schizothorax prenanti mainly distribut in the backflow area on one side of the guide plate and the back surface of the baffle plate. When passing through the vertical slot section,the baffle plate with relatively low parameters is also preferred.The results can provide reference for similar vertical slot fishway design and engineering practice.