如何提高智能化条件下的企业就业吸纳力?——基于北京市47家企业的模糊集定性比较分析

How to Improve the Employment Absorptive Capacity of Enterprises under Intelligent Background——Based on Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis among 47 Enterprises in Beijing

人工智能技术条件下如何全面落实“就业优先”政策,实现更高质量就业,成为“保民生”的重要议题。既有研究主要从单一视角来探索智能化条件下企业就业吸纳力的影响机制,所得到的不一致的结论甚至相互矛盾的观点,无法为智能化条件下提高企业就业吸纳力提供有益的参考。本研究以47家北京市已采用人工智能技术的企业为样本,采用QCA方法,以组态思维探索智能化条件下提高企业就业吸纳力的驱动路径。研究发现:一是企业就业吸纳力具有多重并发因果关系,且其影响因素具有不对称性。二是抑制—创造协同型组态与人力资本推力抑制型或组织环境拉力创造型的单一型组态是产生高就业吸纳力的重要路径。三是抑制—创造协同型组态是产生高就业吸纳力的主要原因。四是与目前对人工智能“技能偏向性”的直觉相反,高技能水平对产生高就业吸纳力的作用较小,但其缺失对低就业吸纳力的影响较大。五是低就业吸纳力的驱动路径分为五条,且在一定条件下低教育程度与低研发投入存在替代效应。

How to fully implement the“Employment First”policy and achieve higher quality employment with the progress of artificial intelligence technology has become an important issue of“ensuring people’s livelihood”.The existing researches mainly explore the influence mechanism of enterprises’employment absorptive capacity under the intelligent environment from a single perspective,and get inconsistent conclusions and even contradictory viewpoints,which cannot provide beneficial reference for improving enterprises’employment absorptive capacity under the intelligent environment.In this paper,47 enterprises in Beijing that have adopted artificial intelligence technology are taken as samples,and QCA method is adopted to explore the driving path of improving enterprises’employment absorptive capacity under intelligent background with configuration thinking.The findings are as follows:(1)The employment absorptive capacity of enterprises has multiple concurrent causal relationships,and its influencing factors are asymmetric.(2)The suppression-creation cooperative configuration,the repressed configuration of human capital thrust and the creative configuration of organizational environment pull is also an important way to generate high employment absorptive capacity.(3)Repression-creation cooperative configuration is the main reason for the high employment absorptive capacity.(4)Contrary to the current intuition of“skill bias”of artificial intelligence,high skill level has little effect on the high employment absorptive capacity,but its absence has great influence on the low employment absorptive capacity.(5)There are five driving paths for low employment absorptive capacity,and under certain conditions,low education level and lowR&D investment have substitution effect.