论CISG卖方知识产权担保义务及违约责任的免除

Research on the Exemption of the Seller’s Intellectual Property Guarantee Obligation and the Corresponding Exemption of the Liability for Breach of Contract in CISG

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(CISG)中明确规定了卖方应承担知识产权担保义务。对于该义务的免除,中国学界尚未对其进行深入探讨。本文从其第42条的规定出发,提出并论述了知识产权担保义务的免除和相应违约责任免除的区分及各自的免除事由。除双方通过约定免除义务或责任以外,在“买方已知晓知识产权存在瑕疵”或“知识产权瑕疵是因为遵照买方指示而造成的”情况下可以免除卖方的担保义务,在“买方怠于通知”或“卖方无法控制的障碍”情况下可以免除卖方相应的违约责任。

Article 42 of CISG stipulates the intellectual property guarantee obligation of the seller in international trade of goods.The exemption of such obligation has not received enough attention from scholars in China.In conjunction with the provisions of Article 42,this paper discusses the distinction between the exemption of the guarantee obligation of rights based on intellectual property and the corresponding exemption of the liability for breach of contract,as well as the respective exemption reasons.The obligation or liability can be exempted by agreement between the parties.The seller can be exempted from the guarantee obligation of intellectual property rights on the ground of“buyer’s awareness”or“compliance to the buyer’s instruction”.The seller can be exempted from the liability for breach of contract on the ground of“The buyer delayed in giving notice”or“an impediment beyond the seller’s control”.