血小板病原体灭活技术及其研究进展

The research progress of platelet pathogen inactivation technology

目前国内外血小板的病原体灭活技术主要有补骨脂素/长波紫外线(UVA)、核黄素/UVA-中波紫外线(UVB)和短波紫外线(UVC)3种,前2种紫外线因添加了补骨脂素或核黄素作为光敏剂,而被归为光化学灭活技术,UVC则直接照射而未添加任何光敏剂。有研究显示它们对血小板病原体都具有一定的灭活效果,但三者的灭活原理不同,对同种病原体的灭活效果也不同,对血小板结构和功能的影响也不尽相同。许多学者研究了各种保护剂在这些灭活技术中的应用,力求减少灭活对血小板的损伤。下文是对这3种灭活技术的原理、灭活效果、对血小板的影响以及一些现行保护剂应用的综述。

At present,atmosalen/UVA,riboflavin/UVA-UVB,and UVC are three main pathogen inactivation technologies for platelet at home and abroad.The first two technologies are classified as photochemical inactivation technologies due to the addition of atmosalen or riboflavin as photosensitizers,while UVC is directly irradiation without adding any photosensitizer.Studies showed that above three technologies had certain but different inactivation effects on the same platelet pathogens,in turn,make a difference to platelet structure and function due to their respective inactivation principles.Many scholars have applied various protective agents in these technologies to reduce the damage of inactivation on platelets.The following is a summary concerning the principles,inactivation effects,effects on platelets,and the application of some current protective agents.