从三场设计竞赛窥见保罗·克瑞公民建筑中的社会责任意识

Paul Cret's Ideas of the Social Responsibility of Civic Architecture as Seen in Three Competitions

本文审视了鲍扎体系训练下的重要建筑师保罗·菲利普·克瑞的作品,他是宾夕法尼亚大学建筑教授,他的学生有许多著名的留美学习的第一代中国建筑师。克瑞的建筑值得关注,不仅因为他精通鲍扎设计策略,而且他相信公民建筑可以促进公民参与到共和国的事务中来。通过对克瑞3场设计竞赛建筑方法的研究,本文思考了他对建筑师社会责任的坚持是如何塑造他独特的设计方法这一问题。本文将进一步指出,克瑞对公民制度重要性的认识与中国“五四运动”所倡导的思想存在明显的相似之处,这种相似之处可能使得克瑞和在宾夕法尼亚大学与他一起学习的中国学生相互欣赏。

This paper examines the work of the importantBeaux-Arts-trained architect Paul Phillipe Cret(1876-1945)who taught architecture at the University of Pennsylvania.Among his notable students were many of the firstgeneration of Chinese architects who studied in the UnitedStates.Cret's architecture is noteworthy not only for hismastery of the strategies of Beaux-Arts design but forhis belief that civic buildings might advance citizenparticipation in the institutions of the republic.ExaminingCret's approach to architecture in three competitions,I consider how his distinctive approach to design was shapedby his insistence on the social responsibility of the architect.l further suggest that there are notable parallels betweenCret's conception of the importance of civic institutions andthe ideas of the Chinese May 4th Movement,parallels thatmay have led to a reciprocal appreciation between Cret andthe Chinese students who studied with him at Penn.