脱离式论辩风格:作为表达手段的文本类型

Characterizing a Detached Argumentative Style:Text Types as Presentational Choices

本研究基于语用论辩学理论,通过考察"欧盟环境与气候变化政策报告"这一机构话语中实施具体交际活动类型的话语事件,阐明脱离式论辩风格(van Eemeren 2019)的特征。根据批判性讨论的语用论辩模型,报告中的执行摘要和关键结果被重构为结论阶段。由于受到惯例化和制度化的制约,这一交际实践具有特定的话语模式和结构,语境所强加的惯例化类型使采用脱离式论辩风格成为必然,因此文本类型(Adam 1992)的概念有助于对脱离式论辩风格的特征进行更为细致的描述。在批判性讨论的结论阶段,为保证陈述的客观性和简洁性以及报告总结或者关键结果中的信息密度,不再重申意见分歧,而是通过均衡叙述性、描述性和元话语的文本策略对至关重要的立场进行综合性表达。这就避免了对立场进行明确的否定性评价或陈述,但提出的建议可供决策者采纳或再议。

This study is a contribution to the recently introduced notion of argumentative style( van Eemeren 2019) in the framew ork of the pragma-dialectical approach. It aims at characterizing a detached argumentative style,by focusing on a speech event pertaining to the communicative activity type organizational discourse,a report on EU environment and climate change policies. The analysis concerns the executive summary and the key findings of the report,reconstructed in the analysis as the concluding stage of the critical discussion corresponding to the pragma-dialectical model. The notion of text type( Adam 1992) used in the analysis has allowed a more finegrained characterization of the detached argumentative style,especially since the communicative practice under analysis displays a specific discourse format and structure for reasons of conventionalization and institutionalization.In such circumstances,determined by the type of conventionalization imposed by the context,the adoption of a detached argumentative style appears to be a pre-requisite. In the concluding stage of a critical discussion the difference of opinion is not restated,while the most significant standpoints are synthetically( re) presented by an adequate balance of narrative,descriptive and metadiscursive text strategies meant to support the objectivity,the conciseness of the presentation and also ensuring the necessary density of information required in a report summary or the presentation of key findings,respectively. While explicit negative evaluations or formulations of standpoints are avoided,the recommendations are presented as open to adoption or reconsideration by policymakers.