寒地水稻产量因素对淹水胁迫的响应

Yield Responses of Rice under Submergence Stress in Frigid Region

黑龙江省现为我国最大的水稻产区和商品稻区,但河流众多,且夏季多大雨、暴雨,较易形成涝灾。为了研究洪涝灾害对寒地水稻产量的影响,于2017年通过田间淹水试验,分析寒地水稻关键生育期不同淹水深度、淹水历时造成的结实率和产量差异。结果表明:龙粳31在拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期经淹水处理后,产量和结实率均有不同程度的下降,并随着淹水深度的增加和淹水历时的延长而明显下降,淹水深度达植株高度的2/3~3/3,淹水历时为3~7 d,产量损失约31.1%~65.2%。方差分析表明:龙粳31和龙稻18在全淹没下的结实率、产量极显著(P<0.01)低于植株高度2/3、1/3的淹水深度,淹水历时为7 d的结实率极显著(P<0.01)低于3 d的淹水历时。水稻在较深的淹水条件下,长时间的淹水胁迫会加速结实率和产量的下降。当田间积水深度达25 cm,且淹水时间超过3 d时,会造成水稻结实率和产量的下降,而淹水深度为25~50 cm或以上,淹水历时超过3 d时,将造成水稻结实率和产量的明显下降。

Heilongjiang province is now the largest rice producing area and commercial rice area in China, but there are many rivers, and heavy rain and rainstorm in summer make it more likely to cause waterlogging. In order to study the impact of flood disaster on rice yield in cold region, field submergence experiment was conducted in 2017 to analyze the differences in seed setting rate and yield caused by different submergence depth and duration of submergence in key growth period of rice in cold region. The results showed that: under submergence stress during these periods such as elongation-booting stage,Flowering stage and milk stage for Longjing 31, percentage of ripened grains and yield decreased to varying degrees. They obviously decreased with increasing submergence depth and time, for example, when submergence depth was from 2/3 to 3/3 plant height, and submergence time was from 3 to 7 days, yield loss was about from 31.1% to 65.2%. The analysis of variance showed that the seed-setting rate and yield of Longjing 31 and Longdao 18 under full submersion were extremely significant(P<0.01), which were lower than the flooding depth of 2/3 and 1/3 of the plant height, and the seed-setting rate(P<0.01), which lasted for 7 days, was significantly lower than the flooding depth of 3 days. Under the condition of deep submergence, the yield and seed setting rate of rice could be decreased by prolonged submergence stress. When the depth of field water reaches 25 cm and the duration of submersion exceeds 3 days, the seed setting rate and yield of rice will decrease,while when the depth of submersion is 25 ~ 50 cm or above and the duration of submersion exceeds 3 days, the seed setting rate and yield of rice will decrease significantly.