国内玉米单倍体诱导及籽粒鉴别技术的研究进展

Research Progress on Maize Haploid Induction and Grain Identification in China

玉米单倍体育种技术具有缩短育种周期、改善远缘杂交不亲和等优势,在玉米育种科研单位和企业中应用十分广泛,并与转基因育种技术、分子标记辅助育种技术并称为现代玉米育种三大技术。单倍体育种的核心是利用孤雌生殖诱导系诱导产生单倍体,进而加倍形成DH系,为配制杂交组合提供材料基础。中国在该技术应用上起步较晚,但发展速度较快。本文就孤雌生殖诱导系的诱导机理、诱导系的选育和单倍体籽粒鉴定方法三个方面,综述了我国在玉米单倍体育种诱导及鉴别方面的研究进展,旨在为该方向的研究提供借鉴参考。

The technology of maize haploid breeding has the advantages of shortening the breeding cycle and improving distant hybridization incompatibility. It is widely used in maize breeding research units and enterprises. Maize haploid breeding technology, transgenic breeding technology and molecular marker-assisted breeding technology constitute three major technologies of modern maize breeding. The core of haploid breeding is to use parthenogenetic induction lines to induce haploids, and then to double to form DH lines, providing a material basis for the configuration of hybrid combinations. China started late in the application of this technology, but has developed rapidly.This article reviews the research progress on maize haploid breeding in China in three aspects of selection, the induction mechanism of parthenogenetic induction lines, selection of induction lines, and haploid identification methods, aiming at providing reference for researchers in this direction.