饮食调剂和运动管理对妊娠期糖尿病产妇母婴结局的影响

Effect of diet adjustment and exercise management on maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的:分析饮食调剂联合运动管理对改善妊娠期糖尿病产妇母婴结局的效果。方法:2018年2月-2019年8月收治妊娠期糖尿病产妇76例,依据干预方案不同分为两组,各38例。对照组进行常规孕期干预,观察组开展饮食调剂及运动管理,比较两组产妇各项指标水平及母婴结局。结果:观察组产妇分娩时空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及体重指数(BMI)等指标水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇剖宫产、产后出血、羊水过多、妊娠期高血压等发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组围产儿早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息及巨大儿等发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过对妊娠期糖尿病产妇进行饮食调剂、运动管理,可有效改善母婴结局。

Objective:To explore the effect of diet adjustment and exercise management on maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:From February 2018 to August 2019,76 pregnant women with diabetes were selected.According to the different intervention schemes,they were divided into two groups with 38 cases respectively.The control group was given routine intervention during pregnancy.The observation group was given diet adjustment and exercise management.We compared the indicators and maternal and infant outcomes between the two groups.Results:In the observation group,at the time of delivery,FPG,2 hPG,FINS,HOMA-IR and BMI were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the observation group,the incidence of cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage,polyhydramnios and pregnancy induced hypertension were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the observation group,the incidences of preterm birth,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia and macrosomia were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Through diet adjustment and exercise management for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus,maternal and infant outcomes can be effectively improved.