妊娠各期妇女焦虑抑郁状态及影响因素分析

Analysis of anxiety and depression status and its influencing factors of women in different stages of pregnancy

目的:分析影响不同妊娠期妇女焦虑抑郁状态的因素。方法:选取2019年2月-2020年2月产科检查且计划建档分娩的妊娠产妇,其中早期、中期与晚期各131例,根据问卷调查结合档案登记基本资料的方式,选择焦虑抑郁量表结合自制影响妊娠妇女焦虑抑郁的因素问卷。结果:影响妊娠早期妇女焦虑抑郁状态的因素有年龄小、孕前未使用叶酸、存在不良孕产史、妊娠早期存在用药史、无计划妊娠、存在流产症状以及人工受孕等;影响妊娠中期妇女焦虑抑郁状态的因素包括无固定工作、学历不高、重视胎儿性别、未参加孕妇学校学习等;影响妊娠晚期妇女焦虑抑郁状态的因素包括担心产后休养问题、家庭关系不和谐、担心孩子与自身安全、担心分娩难产等。结论:在妊娠期各个阶段开展孕期健康教育,强化医护人员对孕妇心理健康知识的学习与培训,对不同妊娠期妇女实施相应的心理保健服务,使其焦虑抑郁状态得到充分缓解,进而促使母婴保健质量显著提升。

Objective:To analyze the factors that influence the anxiety and depression status of women in different pregnancies.Methods:From February 2019 to February 2020,pregnant women with obstetrical examination and planned file delivery were selected,among them,131 cases were in the early,middle and late stages respectively.According to the questionnaire survey combined with the basic data of archives registration,the anxiety and depression scale and the factors affecting the anxiety and depression in pregnant women were selected for questionnaire survey.Results:The factors influencing the state of anxiety and depression in women in the first trimester included young age,not using folic acid before pregnancy,history of adverse pregnancy,history of medication in the first trimester,unplanned pregnancy,symptoms of abortion and artificial insemination.The factors affecting the anxiety and depression state of women in the second trimester include not having a fixed job,not having a high educational background,paying attention to the sex of the fetus,not attending the school for pregnant women,etc.The factors affecting the anxiety and depression state of women in the third trimester of pregnancy include worries about postpartum recuperation,disharmonious family relations,worries about the safety of children and their own,worries about childbirth difficulties and so on.Conclusion:Health education during pregnancy should be carried out in every stage of pregnancy,and medical staff should be strengthened to learn and train the mental health knowledge of pregnant women,and corresponding mental health services should be provided to different pregnant women,so that their anxiety and depression can be fully alleviated and the quality of maternal and infant health care can be significantly improved.