高等教育学习收获的测量研究——基于国际比较的视角

The Analysis of Higher Education Learning Gains Measurement:Based on the Perspective of International Comparison

学习收获研究是高等教育质量评估的重要环节。本文主要对欧美国家的学习收获测量研究进行了回顾与梳理,介绍了美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家和地区在高等教育学习收获测量方面的研究概貌。研究发现,在国际高等教育学习收获测量领域,美国一直居于领先地位,其理论和测量工具对其他国家都产生了深远的影响。测量方式主要包括标准化的直接评价法和自我报告式的间接评价法两种,这两类评价方法各具优势,互为补充。受到制度、语言、文化等方面的制约,很难开发适用于所有国家和机构的测量工具,各个国家和机构需要根据各自的测量目的选择适切的工具。我国高等教育领域亟需在已有国际经验基础上开发符合中国特色的本土化测量工具。

Learning gains measurement is an essential part of higher education quality assessment.The present paper systematically reviewed and analyzed the learning gains research of major western countries.A general outline and research paradigm were introduced about America,Britain,Canada,Australia and Asian countries.It is found that,being a leading country in both theory and practice,America plays an influential role in learning gains evaluation in the world.There are basically two types of measurement,which are direct standardized tests and indirect self-report surveys.Both the two types of measurements have unique strengths and weaknesses and should be adapted in complementary manner.Appropriate instrument for the measure of learning gains is to be developed in accordance with the educational system,language and culture of different countries and institutions.Countries and agencies need to choose appropriate tools for their own measurement purposes.In the field of higher education in China,it is urgent to develop localization measurement tools in accordance with Chinese characteristics on the basis of existing international experience.