中国居民心血管疾病危险因素分布报告

Report on Geographical Disparity of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China

全面了解相关可改变的危险因素及其在不同地区的分布差异,可为制定公共卫生政策提供理论依据。本报告定量评价了我国31个省152个农村地区的县和100个城市地区的区人群的12种心血管疾病危险因素的分布特征,包括血压升高(≥140/90 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、总胆固醇升高(≥5.0 mmol/L)、血糖升高(≥7.0 mmol/L),超重或肥胖(体重指数≥25 kg/m2),以及吸烟、饮酒、不健康膳食(水果、蔬菜、全谷物或豆类摄入过少,红肉摄入过多)、缺乏体育锻炼等;将预计十年心血管疾病发生风险大于20%的研究对象定为心血管疾病高风险对象。我国心血管疾病的人群风险存在显著的地区差异,而导致各地区人群风险的主要危险因素也并不相同。基于2010年全国人口普查的年龄和性别进行标化后,我国高危人群的比例为10.3%(95%CI:10.2~10.3)。高危人群比例在东北地区为12.6%(95%CI:12.4~12.8)和华北地区为11.4%(95%CI:11.3~11.6)较高(95%CI均超过11),在华南地区为8.0%(95%CI:7.8~8.2)较低。

A comprehensive understanding of related changeable risk factors and their geographic disparity can provide a theoretical basis for formulating public health policies.This report quantitatively evaluated the distribution of 12 cardiovascular risk factors in 152 rural counties and 100 urban districts from 31 provinces across China.Investigated risk factors include elevated blood pressure(≥140/90 mmHg),elevated total cholesterol(≥5.0 mmol/L),elevated blood glucose(≥7.0 mmol/L),overweight or obesity(BMI≥25 kg/m2),tobacco smoking,alcohol consumption,unhealthy diet(low intake of fruits,vegetables,whole grains or beans,and excessive intake of red meat),and lack of physical exercise.The study subjects whose cardiovascular disease risk was expected to be greater than 20%in 10 years were defined as high cardiovascular risk subjects.Risks for cardiovascular diseases vary across China,and the major contributing risk factors also vary across regions.10.3%(95%CI:10.2-10.3)of the participants faced a high cardiovascular disease risk after standardizing age and sex based on the 2010 National Census.Among the seven regions in China's Mainland,the prevalence of high risk of cardiovascular disease was relatively high in northeast China(12.6%[95%CI:12.4-12.8])and north China(11.4%[95%CI:11.3-11.6])(95%CI>11),whereas the prevalence of high risk of cardiovascular disease was low in south China(8.0%[95%CI:7.8-8.2]).