张居正与阳明后学

Zhang Juzheng and Post-Yangming School

作为明朝万历年间的内阁首辅大臣,张居正与阳明心学之间有着十分复杂的关系。他曾经参与迫害何心隐,禁毁天下书院,打击讲学活动,却与王门后学保持一定的情感交流。毋庸讳言,张居正的学术思想深受阳明心学影响,与之并无根本矛盾,且其个性和行事作风具有阳明后学的狂狷色彩。惜乎史家向来或者只谈张居正的改革,或者只着力强调前者,而对后者则多视而不见,这致使张居正与阳明心学的真实关系长期以来被湮没无闻。

Zhang Juzheng,Grand Secretary of Ming Emperor Wanli,had an intertwined relationship with Wang Yangming’s Mind Study.He once helped to persecute a disciple of Mind Study,banning its lectures and destroying its academies.However,he also maintained a certain emotional exchange with followers of the school.Zhang’s academic thought was deeply influenced by it,so there was nothing contradictory between them.His personality and way of action reflected what the successors of Mind Study had:vigorous but restraint.However,it is unfortunate that previous historians only mentioned or mainly focused on his initiation of the reform campaign,while neglected others.So his real relationship with Mind Study has long been unnoticed.