阳明后学南直隶书院考论

A Study of the Construction of Yangming Academies in Southern Zhili Region

阳明后学在南直隶地区的书院建设可以分为三种类型,一是自建书院以讲学,自州府至乡村广建书院,自由讲学,传播义理,此是主要形态;二是自建书院以祭祀阳明、藏刻阳明学书籍等,部分书院执行此类功能;三是对其他学派书院实行联合或斗争,或是积极支持湛若水等人所建的书院,或是稳步占领原来独尊朱子学之书院。其书院建设的过程则是或借出任地方官之便,或在民间自筹资源,通过尊湛(若水)、攻朱(熹),逐渐形成了南京及周边、宁国府、徽州府三大书院中心。其书院建设之意义则在于,通过书院之基地,阳明学在南直隶地区著实成长,逐渐消解了朱子学的垄断地位,为南中王门的壮大奠定了坚实的基础。

There are three types of academy construction of Post-Yangming School in Southern Zhili(Districts in Southern China directly governed by the central government in Ming Dynasty)region.First,independent construction of academies in the city or the rural areas to disseminate knowledge by giving lectures of their free choice.Second,independent construction of academies to worship Wang Yangming,or to store books of this school.Third,the encroachment and takeover through various measures of the academies of other schools,such as the then-leading Zhi Xi Academy.The academy construction either took advantage of the inauguration of local officials or was supported by resources raised from local people.Through reverence for Zhan Ruoshui and attack of Zhu Xi,three academic centers were gradually built up in Nanjing,Ningguo District and Huizhou District.The significance of the construction of these academies lies in that Yangming School began to flourish in this area and dismantled the monopolistic position of Zhu Xi's School,laying a solid foundation for further development of Yangming School in the South Central China.