大数据背景下个人信息保护的公私法衔接

The Integration of Private and Public Law Protection of Personal Information under the Background of Big Data

当前立法规范所呈现的个人信息权利化路径面临着过度保护与保护不足的双重困境,同时也难以回应大数据时代系统性的信息安全风险。个人信息本质上是由一些具体人格权权利内容和其他人格性利益糅杂而成的综合体。内容上的复杂性要求私法采取"权利"与"法益"相区分的保护路径。属于"法益"部分的个人信息,承载了更多的社会公共利益,无法由具体人格权所覆盖,但可通过"违反保护他人的法律的侵权责任"进行保护,从解释论的角度以《侵权责任法》第6条第1款作为转介条款,将公法域的个人信息保护性规定引入私法体系,增强法律适用的确定性,实现公私法保护的有效衔接。

The way which views personal information as the object of civil right faces the dual dilemma of over-protection and under-protection.It is also difficult to respond to the systematic risks caused by large-scale information collection and processing.Personal information is essentially a composite of some concrete personal rights and other personality interests.The private law needs to distinguish between the protection of"rights"and the protection of"legal interests".As a common good,personal information belonging to the"legal interests"cannot be covered by concrete personal rights,but can be protected by"the tortuous liability of breach of statutory duty".By legal interpretation,Clause 1 of Article 6 in The Law of Tortious Liability can be a referral clause.Through this clause,the provisions of protective law about personal information can be introduced into the private law system to achieve the integration of private law and public law.