言说话语标记的主观性差异及等级

Subjectivity Diff erences in Discourse Markers Containing Speech and Subjectivity Gradations

话语标记研究兴起于西方,传入我国后很快成为语言学研究的热点。“言说话语标记”指含有言说动词“说”的话语标记,“说”不仅表示“言说义”,还可以表示认知与评述。本文将言说话语标记作为一类,对这类话语标记的主观性及其序列等级进行研究。“说”的意义演变可以概括为:言说义—认知义—评述义。按照语义演变规律,言说话语标记的主观性与言说话语标记中“说”的语义密切相关,并表达不同的意义,其主观性具有差异性,形成了主观性等级序列,即传信<认知<评述,主观性逐级增强,交互主观性从言者积聚于听者,序列右端的主观性最强。

Research on discourse markers originated in the West,and soon became a hot topic in linguistic research after it was introduced into China.Discourse markers containing speech verbs refer to discourse markers containing the verb“shuo”(说),which means more than just“speech”;it can also include cognition and comment.This paper places discourse markers containing speech verbs into one category,and examines their diff erent degrees of subjectivity.The path of semantic change for“shuo”is speech-cognition-commentary.The subjectivity of discourse markers containing speech verbs is closely related to the senses of“shuo”;the subjectivity entailed in expressing diff erent meanings is diff erent,and forms a pattern in terms of degrees of subjectivity:evidentiality<cognition<commentary.From the left to the right,subjectivity becomes increasingly stronger,and the focus of intersubjectivity moves from the speaker to the audience.