土耳其族群政策和立法的历史演变及其内在价值逻辑

The Historical Evolution of Ethnic Policies and Legislations in Turkey and Its Logic of Intrinsic Values

土耳其族群政策和立法可以划分为5个历史阶段,即共和国建立至民主化开启时期(1923-1949年)、民主化前期(1950-1983年)、民主化后期(1984-1999年)、欧盟助推时期(2000-2015年6月)以及后欧盟助推时代(2015年6月至今)。文章在对每一个历史阶段族群政策和立法进行详尽评述的基础上,指出尽管土耳其由于民主转型和试图加入欧盟等内外原因,其族群政策和立法呈现出阶段性调整的外观,但其强化国家认同、维护国家主权与领土安全的内在价值逻辑始终没有发生变化。土耳其族群政策和立法演变的这种价值取向,在给土耳其国家带来近乎“不可逆转的统一性”的同时,也对其族群关系、社会团结乃至国家安全造成一定损害。研究土耳其的族群政策和立法的历史过程,不仅有助于总结并借鉴土耳其在应对民族问题上的经验和教训,而且有利于全面认识新兴国家在民族国家构建问题上的得与失。

The authors divide Turkish ethnic policies and legislations into five historical stages,namely,from the establishment of the Republic to the beginning of democratization(1923-1949),the beginning of democratization(1950-1983),the end of democratization(1984-1999),EU booster stage(2000-2015 June)and post-EU booster stage(June 2015-present).After elucidating all the ethnic policies and legislations of each historical stage,the authors point out that due to internal and external reasons such as democratic transition and striving for joining the EU make the ethnic policies and legislations present the scenario of the periodic adjustments,while the logic of intrinsic values embracing the strengthening national identity,safeguard national sovereignty and territorial security has remained constant.To some extent,the value orientation of the evolution of Turkish ethnic policies and legislations brings the“irreversible unity”to the Turkish state,while which has been detrimental to the ethnic relations,social unity and even national security.Studying the historical process of ethnic policies and legislations in Turkey is not only be conducive to summarizing and drawing lessons from Turkey’s experience in dealing with ethnic issues,but also to comprehensively understanding the gains and losses of emerging countries in nation-state construction.