始祖形象与人地关系:贵州屯堡家谱的历史记忆

Figure of Ancestor and Human-land Relationship:Historical Memory of Genealogy in Tunpu of Guizhou Province

家谱是贵州屯堡文化的重要组成部分,它承载着不同家族关于祖先入黔及后代生活的历史记忆。通过检视屯堡家谱,可以发现入黔始祖不仅是征南英雄,而且还包括遭遇磨难、流落他乡之人。明清时期人口的增长、流动及卫所制度的衰变,使移民与土地的关系变得极为紧张。与之相应,入黔始祖落脚之地与葬身之地成为屯堡家谱重要的叙述内容。基于现实的需要,家谱不仅梳理、传承家族的血缘脉络,也注重将血缘脉络建立在人与土地的具体关系之上。屯堡家谱的历史记忆,从一个侧面反映了屯堡文化形成与延续的动力机制。

Genealogy is an important part of Tunpu culture in Guizhou province.It carries the historical memory of different families about the ancestors immigrating Guizhou province and the lives of their descendants.By researching the Genealogy of Tunpu,it can be found that the ancestors immigrating Guizhou province were not only heroes of the march to south,but also the people who suffered hardships and left behind in a strange land.The population growth,mobility and the decay of the Wei-Suo system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties strained the relationship between immigrants and land.Accordingly,the place where the immigrant ancestors settled and buried became an important narrative content of Tunpu genealogy.Based on the practical needs,genealogy not only sorts out and inherits the blood relationship of the family,but also pays attention to the blood relationship based on the specific relationship between people and the land.The historical memory of Tunpu genealogy reflects one aspect of the dynamic mechanism of the formation and continuation of Tunpu culture.