智力障碍儿童推理能力特点及干预研究综述

A Review on the Characteristics and Intervention of Reasoning Ability in Children with Mental Retardation

采用文献法以及内容分析法对智力障碍儿童推理能力的相关研究进行总结分析,研究结果如下:1)智力障碍儿童具备简单推理能力、发展过程中存在“断层现象”、早期依靠类比进行推理;2)感觉、知觉迟钝、语言与思维能力异常、短时记忆有限以及工作记忆困难等原因导致其推理能力存有缺陷;3)智力障碍儿童推理能力的训练方法,主要有以Sternberg理论、Holyoak理论为依据、以改善工作记忆为出发点的训练方法;4)智力障碍儿童推理能力的训练可以促进其问题解决能力、语言表达能力以及工作记忆能力等方面的提高。今后应注重研究的本土化,加深智力障碍儿童的推理能力的纵向研究,强调父母在干预中的作用,加大跨学科、跨领域合作,以期更好地促进智力障碍儿童推理能力的发展。

By means of literature review and content analysis,relevant studies are summarized and analyzed on the reasoning ability of children with mental retardation.The results are as follows:(1)Children with mental retardation have simple reasoning ability with"fault phenomenon"in the development process and rely on analogy to make reasoning in the early stage.(2)Their reasoning ability is defective due to their slow perception,abnormal language and thinking ability,limited short term memory and difficulty in working memory.(3)The training methods of reasoning ability of children with mental retardation mainly include the Sternberg Theory and the Holyoak Theory as the basis,and improving working memory as the starting point.(4)The training of reasoning ability of children with mental retardation can promote the improvement of problem solving ability,language expression ability and working memory ability.In the future,attention should be paid to the localization and longitude of the research,the role of parents in intervention,as well as more interdisciplinary and cross field cooperation,so as to better promote the development of reasoning ability of children with intellectual disabilities.