网约车平台法律属性的理论反思与责任建构

Theoretical Reflection and Responsibility Construction of the Legal Attribute of the Online Car-hailing Platform

网约车平台所应承担何种责任的背后隐藏的是平台法律属性这一理论问题,法律属性不同,承担的法律责任自然不同。当前关于网约车平台法律属性为何,主流观点有三,即公共承运人理论、一般承运人理论与中立第三方理论,三种理论各有利弊,但皆无法契合网约车平台的本质特征。有必要针对网约车平台的特质,结合网络综合治理与可持续发展的理念,适用特殊承运人理论,遵照现有立法将网约车平台确定为承运人,但在责任原则的适用上适用过错责任原则。在配套措施方面,实施强制保险制度,根据使用意图设置"四阶段"保险时段,合理确定投保费率,同时将银保监纳入监管体系,以此减轻网约车平台所承担的过重责任,在保障网约车乘客合法权益的同时,推动网约车平台的良性发展。

What is the responsibility of the online car-hailing platform is the theoretical problem of the platform’s le⁃gal attributes.The legal attributes are different,and the legal responsibilities assumed are naturally different.What are the current legal attributes of the online car-hailing platform?There are three mainstream views,namely,public carrier theory,general carrier theory,and neutral third-party theory.The three theories have their own advantages and disadvantages,but none of them can match the essential characteristics of the car-hailing platform.It is neces⁃sary to focus on the characteristics of the online car-hailing platform,combine the concept of comprehensive network governance and sustainable development,apply the special carrier theory,and determine the online car-hailing plat⁃form as the carrier in accordance with existing legislation,but apply the fault in the application of the principle of responsibility The principle of responsibility.In terms of supporting measures,a compulsory insurance system is im⁃plemented,a“four-stage”insurance period is set according to the intent of use,and the insurance premium rate is reasonably determined.At the same time,the banking and insurance supervision is included in the supervision sys⁃tem,so as to reduce the excessive responsibilities of the online car rental platform While protecting the legitimate rights and interests of ride-hailing passengers,it also promotes the benign development of ride-hailing platforms.