我国水产品全产业链损耗研究

Whole-industry chain loss of aquatic products in China

本文通过调研水产品在流通、加工、贮藏和零售四个产业链环节的损耗情况,对不同类型水产品损耗原因和差异进行分析,提出降低我国水产品产业链损耗的建议措施。单一水产品品种的损耗率数据通过调研直接获得,水产品(整体)及各品类产业链损耗率基于2008-2019年水产品品类及品种产量结构加权计算所得。结果显示:2008-2019年,我国水产品年均损耗量426.55万吨,年均损耗率8.09%。其中海水养殖、淡水养殖、海洋捕捞水产品的损耗率分别为12.37%、6.59%、5.82%。从产业环节看,水产品流通环节损耗量117.73万吨,损耗率2.23%;加工环节损耗量169.67万吨,损耗率3.22%;贮藏环节损耗量40.83万吨,损耗率0.77%;零售环节损耗量98.32万吨,损耗率1.86%。以鲜活方式流通与消费容易导致更高的损耗率,海水养殖产品损耗率较大、接近淡水养殖和海洋捕捞的总和,加工和流通是产业链的薄弱环节。为进一步降低损耗,应扩大加工产品消费,鼓励加工技术创新;升级冷链物流体系,降低产品物理损耗;促进组织化发展,提高标准化作业水平。

The research on the whole industry chain loss of aquatic products is still in its infancy.By investigating the loss of aquatic products in circulation,processing,storage and retail,this study analyzed the causes and differences of different types of aquatic products loss and put forward some suggestions and measures to reduce the loss of aquatic products industry chain in China.The loss rate data of a single aquatic product variety was directly obtained through the investigation and the loss rate of aquatic products(overall)and various categories of the industrial chain was calculated based on the weighted output structure of aquatic products categories and varieties from 2008 to 2019.From 2008 to 2019,the average annual loss of aquatic products in China was 4.2655 million tons,with an average annual loss rate of 8.09%.The loss rates of marine aquaculture,freshwater aquaculture and marine fishing were 12.37%,6.59%and 5.82%,respectively.In terms of industrial links,the loss of aquatic products circulation was 1.1773 million tons,with a loss rate of 2.23%.The loss of processing was 1.9667 million tons,with a loss rate of 3.22%.The loss of storage was 408300 tons,with a loss rate of 0.77%.The loss of retail links was 983200 tons,with a loss rate of 1.86%.Circulation and consumption in a fresh way can easily lead to higher loss rate.The loss rate of mariculture products was relatively large,almost the sum of freshwater aquaculture and marine fishing.Processing and circulation were the weak links of the industrial chain.We should expand the consumption of processed products,encourage the innovation of processing technology,upgrade the cold chain logistics system,reduce the physical loss of products,promote the organizational development and improve the level of standardized operation to minimise the loss.