一种播补一体化新型马铃薯播种机的设计与试验

Design and test of a new type of potato seeder with integrated sowing and compensating

现有马铃薯漏播补偿方案普遍需附加补偿种箱及单独设置补偿排种通道,导致系统结构复杂、补偿种薯落点偏差较大。为此,本研究提出了基于单向离合器的播补一体化马铃薯播种机新方案。该方案排种链轮正常播种使用地轮动力,而补偿状态在单向离合器协调下转移至补偿专用电动机,补偿完成后则继续恢复至地轮。基于此,在计算所需时间内,采用后一取种勺上的种薯直接追赶前一缺种位置的追赶式补偿方案,可以使补偿种薯也在原排种通道中运动,独立的补偿种薯专用通道不再需要,从而使系统结构简化、可靠性提高。样机田间试验表明,所采用的红外辐射排种监测系统误判率不超过1‰,系统平均自然漏播率对排种速度不敏感,漏播补偿成功率随着排种链速度的增加而快速降低,但即使达到正常排种链速最高值0.8 m·s^-1,依然有平均74%以上的漏播能被成功补偿,系统平均最终漏播率不足平均自然漏播率的1/4,漏播补偿作用效果明显。

Compensatory seed box and separated compensating seed channel are generally needed in current potato miss-seeding compensation schemes.The coexistence of these two sets of device makes the potato seeder complex and the compensation accuracy is difficult to be achieved.Therefore,an idea of‘integrated seeding and compensating potato planter based on one-way clutch’was proposed in this study.In this scheme,the seed-metering power only came from ground wheels under normal planting with main power transmission one-way clutch;however,during the compensation period,it is transferred to compensatory motor with the help of compensatory one-way clutch.After compensation is completed,the system controller turns the compensatory motor off,and the seed-metering power naturally comes back to the land wheels again automatically.Based on this working principle,the catching-up compensation scheme can be adopted,during a calculated period of time,the seed potato on the latter spoon can directly catch up with the previous missed potato seed.The compensated seed potato can also move in the original seed channel,special channel for compensating potato seeds will no longer needed.In this way,the system structure is simplified and the reliability is improved.The field test of the prototype showed that,the misjudgment rate of the system was not more than 1‰;the average natural rate of miss-seeding was not sensitive to the seed-metering chain speed;the success rate of miss-seeding compensation decreased rapidly with the increase of seed-metering chain speed,however,even if it reached 0.8 m·s^-1,on average,over 74%of missed potato seeds were compensated successfully.It was also found that,the average final rate of miss-seeding was generally not more than 1/4 of the Average Natural Rate of miss-seeding,the effect of miss-seeding compensation was significant.