宋代图书印刷传播的特点及其士人的心态

The characteristics of book printing and dissemination in the Song Dynasty and the mental attitude of the scholars

宋代文献中,图书的印刷传播一般用“镂板”“镵板”“锲木”等话语表述。印刷传播的书籍,在形式上有大字本、中字本和小字本之分;在内容上注重避讳;相对手抄传播而言,印刷传播速度更快、效率更高、复本更多。面对雕版印刷术这一新兴媒介形态,宋代士人的心态各为不同:部分士人持积极心态,注重书籍、信息和知识的分享与传播;也有部分士人持保守心态,认为印本书获得较为容易,易导致读者对图书不够珍惜甚至不爱阅读。作为新媒介的印本书与作为旧媒介的抄本书,相互竞争又相互融合,共同构成宋代图书传播的二元格局。

In the literature of the Song Dynasty,the printing and dissemination of books is generally expressed by words such as“engraved board”,“trowel board”,“chiseled wood”and so on.Printed and disseminated books could be divided into large,medium and small type editions in form,and paid attention to taboos in content.Compared with the transcription dissemination,printed editions disseminated faster,more efficiently and more copies could be printed out.In the face of the new media form of block printing,the mental attitude of the scholars in the Song Dynasty was different:some scholars held a positive attitude and paid attention to the sharing and dissemination of books,information and knowledge,while some held a conservative attitude towards it and considered it easier to obtain printed ones,which would easily make readers not cherish books enough,or even not like reading.Printed books,as a new medium and transcripts as an old one competed and integrated with each other,which mutually constituted the dualistic pattern of book dissemination in the Song Dynasty.