历代医家对黄疸病的认识

Understanding of Jaundice by Doctors in the Ancient Times

黄疸病首见于马王堆汉墓出土的帛书,先秦两汉至隋唐时期的医家大多认为黄疸与脾密切相关,湿邪是本病的主要病因病机。宋金元时期医家对黄疸发病的病因及特点有了更具体的认识,将湿热、寒湿分别致阳黄和阴黄做了具体的概述和区分,并指出本病具有一定的传染性,认为内有积热,外感时邪疫毒,内外因素共同影响,导致黄疸的发生。明清时期有医家指出本病与胆有关,具有较强的传染性,且有医家分为内伤黄疸和外感黄疸。此时期对黄疸的发病特点、症状、病机认识以及注意事项等方面有了具体的认识,为后来的学者研究黄疸留下了参考依据。

Jaundice was first seen in the book copied on silk in Mawangdui Han Tombs.The doctors from the two Han Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties believed that jaundice was closely related to the spleen,and wet evil was the main pathogenesis of this disease.During the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,doctors had a more specific understanding of the etiology and characteristics of jaundice and made a detailed overview of the effects of damp heat and cold dampness on Yanghuang and Yinhuang;they pointed out that the disease was contagious and considered to be internal heat stagnation and epidemic toxin,internal and external factors had a common impact,leading to the occurrence of jaundice.The literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties pointed out that the disease was related to gallbladder,and it had strong contagiousness;some doctors divided the disease into internal injuries and exogenous jaundice.During this period,doctors had a specific understanding of the onset characteristics,symptoms and precautions of jaundice,which left a reference for later scholars.