中国典型河流水域抗生素的赋存状况及风险评估研究

Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in typical river basins in China

以中国七大典型河流水域为研究区域,通过整合相关文献中已有的研究成果,探究了流域水体和沉积物中抗生素的赋存状况以及水体中抗生素的生态风险。结果表明:(1)在典型流域水体和沉积物中,共检测出8类49种抗生素,水体中抗生素的检出种类普遍高于沉积物;(2)抗生素浓度水平最高的区域是辽河和海河流域,黄河、松花江和开都—孔雀河流域抗生素污染程度相对较低;(3)在典型流域水体中具有较高生态风险的抗生素为诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素、磺胺甲恶唑以及甲氧苄氨嘧啶;(4)联合风险商(RQ sum)计算结果显示,七大典型流域均处于抗生素污染高生态风险(RQ sum>1),RQ sum表现为辽河流域>珠江流域>海河流域>开都—孔雀河流域>长江流域>黄河流域>松花江流域。

Seven typical river basins in China were taken as the study area.The recent researches were integrated,the occurrence of antibiotic in the river water and sediments were explored,and the ecological risk of antibiotics in water were estimated.The results showed that:(1)in the water and sediments of the seven typical rivers,totally 49 antibiotics belong to 8 categories were detected,and the kinds of antibiotics detected in water were generally higher than those in sediments.(2)The areas with the highest concentrations of antibiotics were Liaohe and Haihe River basins,while the Yellow River,Songhua River,and Kaidu-Kongque River basins had relatively low levels of antibiotics.(3)Norfloxacin,enrofloxacin,dehydrated erythromycin,roxithromycin,sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim had high ecological risk in the seven typical river basins in China.(4)The calculation results of the joint risk quotient(RQ sum)showed that the seven typical river basins were all subject to high ecological risks of antibiotic pollution(RQ sum>1).The order of the RQ sum was:Liaohe River basin>Pearl River basin>Haihe River basin>Kaidu-Kongque River basin>Yangtze River basin>Yellow River basin>Songhua River basin.