吉林省西部景观指数时空变化及驱动机制分析

The analysis of spatial and temporal change and its driving mechanism of landscape index in western Jilin Province

为了解吉林省西部地区近23年景观分布规律及其驱动机制,利用景观格局指数对吉林省西部1990年、2000年、2013年三期的土地利用类型进行分析,对吉林省西部土地利用类型和土地景观指数进行分析,深入探究吉林省西部景观格局分布特征,并探讨了造成研究区景观格局变化的驱动因子.结果表明:吉林省西部土地利用类型中旱田面积最大,为整体研究区的40%以上;随着时间的推移,吉林省西部土地盐碱化、沼泽退化现象越来越严重,导致旱地面积逐年增加,而沼泽地和水田逐渐被沙地大量取代;在土地利用类型景观格局指数的统计分析中,斑块数量、斑块密度、周长面积比、辛普森多样性指数、分离度指数都呈下降趋势,而邻近度指数、蔓延度指数呈上升趋势,这些指数变化不同程度反映了人类社会经济活动对于吉林省西部景观格局变化的影响.在造成当前研究区景观格局变化的驱动因子中,自然因子是基础,人文因子起催化作用,尤其是近年来,随着研究区经济开发力度的加大,人文因素的作用不断加大.该研究结果可为吉林省西部土地资源可持续开发和利用以及生态环境保护提供科学依据.

In order to understand the landscape distribution pattern and its driving mechanism in western Jilin Province in recent 23 years,the land use types in 1990,2000 and 2013 were analyzed by using landscape pattern index,and the land use types and land landscape index were analyzed.The landscape pattern distribution characteristics of western Jilin Province were deeply explored,and the changes of landscape pattern in the study area and driving factors were deeply discussed.The result showed that the land use types in west Jilin Province are mainly composed of dry land,grassland,paddy field,dry land accounted for the total area of more than 40%.With the passage of time,Jilin Province western land salinization and marsh degradation were more and more serious,resulting in dry land area increased year by year,and the marsh and paddy field gradually replaced by the sand a lot.In the statistical analysis,land use types of landscape pattern index,patch number,patch density,perimeter area ratio,Simpson's diversity index,separation index showed a downward trend,while the adjacent degree index,contagion index showed an upward trend.The different of index changes responsed the impact of economic and social activities for landscape pattern change west of Jilin Province.The driving factor caused by the current landscape pattern change in the study area,natural factors was the foundation and the humanities factor played a catalytic role,especially in recent years,with the increase of economic development efforts in the study area,the cultural factors continued to increase.The results provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of land resources and ecological environment protection in the west of Jilin Province.