《中华人民共和国国家情报法》中的“软法性条款”研究

Research on"Soft Law Clause"in Information Legal System

[目的/意义]在情报法治体系建设中,存在着“软硬兼备”的特殊现象,所谓“软”,即“软法性条款”;所谓“硬”,即“硬法性条款”。由于“软法性条款”(“半软法性条款”)和“硬法性条款”具有效力上的互补性,因此,以“软法性条款”为切入视角,有利于透析《情报法》的内在构成要素,并为未来语境下的情报法治建设提供建议。[方法/过程]运用“连接词”分析和语义分析,可以识别出《情报法》中的“软法性条款”“半软法性条款”和“硬法性条款”。[结果/结论]“软法性条款”和“半软法性条款”广泛分布于《情报法》中,且占比分别为84.4%和3.1%。在立法层面,应拓展“软法性条款”与“硬法性条款”的有机转化模式;在执法层面,应建立“软法性条款”和“硬法性条款”的双重执行机制。

[Purpose/Significance]In the construction of information legal system,there is a special phenomenon of"both soft and hard",the so-called"soft"means"soft law governance";the so-called"hard"means"hard law governance".Among them,the supply of soft law in the information legal system can be divided into two levels:the first level is the soft law provisions and semi soft law provisions in the specialized laws and regulations;the second level is the soft law provisions and semi soft law provisions in the covering legal norms.Because of the complementarity of the soft law clause(semi soft law clause)and the hard law clause,taking the"soft law clause"as the angle of view is helpful to analyze the internal structure of the intelligence legal system,and to provide suggestions for the construction of the intelligence rule of law in the future context.[Method/Process]Special laws and regulations(represented by the information law of the People's Republic of China)and covered laws and regulations(represented by the security law of the People's Republic of China and the anti-terrorism law of the People's Republic of China)are important parts of the legal system of intelligence in China.The soft law nature can be identified by using the"conjunction"analysis and semantic analysis articles and semi soft legal provisions.[Result/Conclusion]In the information legal system,soft law provisions and semi soft law provisions are widely distributed in specialized legal norms and covered legal norms,with a high proportion.