宁夏盐碱地土壤养分与苹果品质测定分析

Measurement of Soil Nutrients and Apple′s Quality in Ningxia Saline-alkali Soil

以宁夏农林科学院综合试验基地苹果园土壤和果实为试验材料,进行土壤养分和果实品质测定分析。结果表明:试验基地土壤为盐碱性土壤,pH 8.15以上,最高达8.79,全盐含量最高达1.36 g/㎏;有机质含量偏低,在5.56~12.90 g/kg之间,6.00~10.00 g/kg居多;速效磷含量较为丰富,大多在10~30 mg/kg;速效钾含量极为丰富,最高为435 mg/kg,最低为145 mg/kg,含量>200 mg/kg居多。盐碱地苹果品质测定为高糖、高酸、高硬度。其中,可溶性固形物含量高,最高达18.6%;酸含量高,最高达0.90g/L;硬度大,最高达9.65 kg/cm^2。果实品质因子中以果实硬度、有机酸、可溶性固形物、单果重与土壤营养因子pH、速效钾的相关性最明显,其中果实硬度、有机酸与土壤的pH呈极显著正相关,可溶性固形物与pH呈极显著负相关,与速效钾呈极显著正相关,单果重与速效钾呈显著负相关。

The experiment was carried out to measure soil nutrients and fruit quality.The experimental materials were from apple orchards of integrated test base of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.The results showed that the soil in the test base was saline and alkaline soil with PH value of more then 8.15,up to 8.79.The highest total salt content was 1.36 g/㎏.The organic content was relatively low between 5.56 and 12.90 g/kg,mostly between 6.00 and 10.00 g/kg.The phosphorus content was rich between 10~30 mg/kg.The active potassium content was extremely rich with a maximum of 435 mg/kg and a minimum of 435 mg/kg,mostly more than 200 mg/kg.After measurement,the apples in the saline and alkaline land were of high sugar,high acid and high firmness.The soluble solid content was up to 18.6%.The acid content was up to 0.90g/L,and the highest firmness was 9.65 kg/cm^2.The obvious quality factors of fruits included fruit firmness,organic acid,soluble solid,weight of single fruit,soil nutrient factor pH and active potassium.There were significant positive correlations among fruit firmness,organic acid and soil's pH.There were extremely significant negative correlations between soluble solids and pH,while there were extremely significant negative correlations between soluble solids and active potassium.Negative correlations could be found between the weight of single fruit and the active potassium.