头颈部鳞状细胞癌转移机制及其影响因素研究进展

Research progress of metastatic mechanism and influencing factors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

头颈部鳞状细胞癌(Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)是一种主要来源于上呼吸道、消化道的非角化上皮癌性增生的恶性肿瘤。癌症转移为HNSCC患者预后差及病死率高的常见原因,HNSCC转移机制近年来成为众多学者关注与研究的热点之一。HNSCC的转移常常为癌细胞经上皮间质转化(Epithelial to mesenchymal transition,EMT)过程获得侵袭和迁移能力,癌细胞生长出可降解基底膜及细胞外基质(Extracellular matrix,ECM)的伪足,共同促进HNSCC转移癌的产生;其中多种因素影响HNSCC癌症转移,如癌细胞所处的缺氧环境、癌细胞的糖酵解途径、部分肿瘤相关细胞及神经前体细胞表达发育下调9(Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 9,NEDD9)的表达等均可促进HNSCC癌细胞EMT过程及伪足的产生,促使癌细胞离开原发部位转移到血管或淋巴管中。本文将对HNSCC这一转移机制及其影响因素做一系统性综述。

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a malignant neoplasm of non-keratotic epithelial hyperplasia mainly derived from the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract.Cancer metastasis is a common cause of poor prognosis and high mortality in HNSCC patients.The mechanism of HNSCC metastasis has become one of hotspots for many scholars in recent years.The metastasis of HNSCC is often the ability of cancer cells to acquire invasion and migration through the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT).Cancer cells grow pseudopodia that can degrade the basement membrane and extracellular matrix(ECM),and jointly promote the production of HNSCC metastatic cancer.A variety of factors affect the HNSCC cancer metastasis,such as the hypoxic environment in which cancer cells are located,the glycolytic pathway of cancer cells,and the down-regulating expression of some tumor-related cells and neural precursor cells 9(expressed developmentally down-regulated 9,NEDD9)in which can promote the EMT process of HNSCC cancer cells and the generation of pseudopods,and promote cancer cells to leave the original site and transfer to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.This article will make a systematic review for the transfer mechanism of HNSCC and its influencing factors.