马克思对“三位一体”公式的批判

Marx’s Criticism on“Trinity Formula”

马克思在《资本论》及其手稿中,深刻批判了资产阶级庸俗经济学家所提出的“三位一体”公式,指出这个公式在理论上主要有以下几个错误:第一,否认了雇佣劳动创造的剩余价值是各种收入的唯一源泉,把收入的来源与剩余价值的创造混为一谈;第二,否认了产业资本是资本主义社会占主导地位的生产形式,把商业资本、生息资本、土地所有权与产业资本相并列;第三,否认了生产决定分配、生产关系决定分配关系,把分配关系凌驾于生产关系之上。“三位一体”公式的错误集中表现在把雇佣工人在生产过程中创造的价值和剩余价值这个整体,分解为利润(利息)、地租、工资等互相独立的部分,并把每一部分同自然形式的生产要素发生关系,而把这些生产要素的社会形式即生产关系属性撇开不谈,于是就把利润(利息)看成资本的结果,把地租看成土地的结果,把工资看成劳动的结果。

In his Capital and manuscripts,Marx criticizes the“Trinity Formula”put forward by capitalist vulgar economists and points out its mistakes in theory as below:First,it denies that the surplus value created by employed labor is the only source of all kinds of incomes,and it mixes income resources and the creation of surplus value.Second,it denies that industrial capital is the dominant production means in capitalist society and it puts in parallel commercial capital,interest capital,land ownership and industrial capital.Third,it denies that production determines allocation and production relations determines allocation relations and it puts allocation relations overriding production relations.The mistakes of the“Trinity Formula”are focused on the following aspects:it does not take values created by employed labor during production process and the surplus value as a whole,however,it divides them into independent parts such as profit(interest),rent and wage etc;each part generates relationship with natural production elements.It ignores the social attributes of these production elements,that is,production relations attributes,and takes profit(interest)as the result of capital,rent as the result of land and wage as the result of labor.