优化生育与人口优化:中国人口问题治理的战略取向

Fertility Optimization and Population Optimization:The Strategic Orientation of China’s Population Governance

伴随着低生育目标的实现,中国人口问题也随之转型,即从人口总量问题转向人口结构问题。作为一个早熟的低生育人口类型,由于“未富先少”,中国将面临巨大的系统性复合风险。计划生育需要回归和转型,即彻底还权于民与造福于民。优化生育与人口优化将成为新人口国策的核心取向,打造生育友好—儿童友好—家庭友好—女性友好—老年友好的“五友好”社会环境和政策体系将是历史的必然选择。在人口治理方面,中国须确立强权利、厚福利、重结构、求发展的价值取向,以人的全面发展、家庭的幸福发展、人口的优化发展和社会的和谐发展为目标导向,实现人文治理、经济治理和社会治理的有机融合。

The realization of low fertility target does not mean the end but the transformation of population problems,that is,it now shifts from the problem of total population to that of population structure imbalance.As a precocious low-fertility population,China has become a low-fertility country before getting prosperous,that means,China will be facing huge systemic compound risks.Family planning needs to be transformed,that is,to return the right of birth to the people and benefit them.Fertility optimization and population optimization will become the core orientation of our new national population policy.To build“Five Friendly”(birth friendly-child friendly-family friendly-female friendly-the elder friendly)social environment and policy system will become an inevitable choice in China’s history.In population governance,China must establish a value orientation that strengthens human rights,promotes high welfare,emphasizes structure and promotes development,with comprehensive development of human beings,happy development of families,optimized development of population and harmonious development of society as its oriented objective,so as to achieve the organic integration of humanistic,economic and social governance.