农业灾害的特征、影响以及防灾减灾抗灾机制——基于文献综述视角

Characteristics,Impacts of Agricultural Disaster,and Mechanism of Disaster Prevention,Mitigation and Response——From the Perspective of Literature Review

我国是世界上受自然灾害影响最严重的国家之一。文章通过文献梳理,系统综述我国农业灾害的特征、影响、成因和脆弱性,以及防灾减灾抗灾存在的问题、措施和机制。文献的共性结论发现:近几年气象灾害成灾率总体呈下降趋势,而生物灾害呈加重趋势,且存在明显的区域差异性;气象和生物灾害对粮食安全构成严重威胁;农业灾害的形成原因是多方面的,是客观气象因素和主观的人为因素,及二者交互作用;政府和农户应对农业灾害的能力在进一步提高;目前应对农业灾害的措施和机制主要包括构建减灾防灾的体系、建立应急应对管理制度、探索农业灾害保险、加强基础设施建设和科技支撑等。最后提出现有文献的不足和进一步研究方向。

China is one of the regions which is mostly affected by natural disaster.By literature review,this paper systematically reviews the characteristics,impacts,causes,the vulnerability of agricultural disaster,as well as the problems,measures and mechanism of disaster prevention,mitigation and response.The consistent conclusions of the literatures are:The disaster rate of meteorological disaster is decreasing in recent years,while biological hazards are aggravating,and agricultural disasters are diverse among regions;Meteorological and biological disasters pose a serious threat to food security;The formation of agricultural disasters is caused by many factors,such as objective meteorological factors and subjective human factors,and the interaction between them.At present,the measures and mechanisms to deal with agricultural disasters mainly include building a system of disaster reduction and prevention,establishing an emergency response management system,exploring agricultural disaster insurance,strengthening infrastructure construction and enhancing scientific and technological support.Finally,the shortcomings of the existing literature and the further research direction are put forward.