液体自输送功能性表面及其应用

Functional Surfaces for Spontaneous and Directional Fluidic Transport and Their Applications

液体自输送功能性表面在微流控、传质传热等领域有着重要的意义,此类表面发挥作用往往受到固体表面微纳米结构、固-液之间的静态润湿特性和动态润湿特性的综合影响。重点概述了固-液接触润湿模型与粘附性的关系,固体表面特性(即表面微观结构和润湿性)对固-液接触状态的影响。在此基础上,按照产生自驱动力的固体表面特性是否均匀,将液体自输送功能性表面分为两大模式,分别是非均质化润湿模式和均质化润湿模式。其中,非均质化润湿模式主要包含梯度润湿表面、锥体表面、润湿图案化表面以及薄壁多孔材料;均质化润湿模式主要包含毛细力驱动微沟槽表面、拉普拉斯压差驱动表面和毛细力驱动滑移表面,并逐一阐述了不同表面自驱动的原理。随后对这些不同表面的应用进行了总结,包括水汽收集和油水分离。最后,对各种液体自输送功能性表面问题进行了总结并给出了可能的解决措施,并展望了液体自输送功能性表面的发展方向。

The functional surface possessing spontaneous and directional liquid transport property is crucial important in the fields of microfluidics,heat transfer,and mass transfer,etc.This kind of surface works under the comprehensive influence of surface micro-and nanostructures,static and dynamic solid-liquid wetting properties.Thus,the work demonstrated the relationship between solid-liquid wetting models and adhesion property.Meanwhile,the influence of the solid surface properties(i.e.,surface morphology and wettability)on solid-liquid contact was also included.What’s more,according to the homogeneous properties,the functional surfaces of spontaneous and directional liquid transport were divided into homogenized wetting mode and unhomogenized wetting mode.The homogenized wetting mode mainly involved wettability gradient surface,cone shape surface,wettability pattern surface,as well as thin porous material surface;while the unhomogenized wetting mode included capillary force driven surface of microchannels,Laplace pressure gradient driven surface,and capillary driven slippery surface.The mechanism of self-propelling property for each kind of surface was analyzed.The applications of these surfaces,including water vapor collection and oil-water separation,were summarized.Finally,the problems of these surfaces were summarized and potential solutions were also demonstrated.On the basis of this,prospects of functional surfaces were also illustrated.