《朋友》中的空间转换与动物伦理

Spatial transformation and animal ethics in The Friend

美国作家西格丽德·努涅兹的新作《朋友》主要围绕大丹犬所在的豪宅、公寓和海边这三个具体空间展开。大丹犬所在空间的转换体现了从古到今动物伦理观的流变。公园和男教授的豪宅中充斥着人类中心主义,阿波罗作为动物被人类物化;在女作家的公寓中,传统的动物伦理观得到了解构,大丹犬与女作家互为“同伴物种”,成为共同体,重获自身的主体性;在海边,阿波罗不仅与人类社会达成了和谐统一的状态,而且与自然界中的生命结成了生物共同体。聚焦大丹犬所在社会空间由中心到边缘的几次转换,不仅体现了动物摆脱他者身份,找回主体性的过程,也寄托了作家对人类中心主义的批判和对后现代动物伦理的呼唤,为现实社会带来深刻的警醒与反思。

In her new work The Friend,the American writer Sigrid Nunez tells a moving story about a Great Dane named Apollo.The transformation of the spaces where the Great Dane lived reflects dif⁃ferent animal ethics.In the park and the male professor's mansion,Apollo was materialized by human beings.He was regarded as man's private property;in the female writer's apartment,the Great Dane and the female writer became“companion species”,formed an animal⁃woman community,and re⁃gained its subjectivity.By the sea,the Great Dane Apollo not only reached a state of harmony and u⁃nity with people,but also formed a biological community with all life in nature.The transformation not only reflects the process where the animal cast off its identity as“the other”and regained its subjectivity,but conveys the writer's opposition to the anthropocentrism and her call for postmodern ani⁃mal ethics,bringing profound vigilance and reflection to modern society.