国家重构视野下中国共产党民族政策的早期探索与最终抉择

The Early Exploration and Final Choice of the Communist Party of China’s Ethnic Policy from the Perspective of National Reconstruction

中国共产党成立之初,即开始了对解决国内民族问题的探索。由于马克思主义民族自决理论和苏联先例作用的影响,在相当长时期内,“民族自决”和联邦制一直是中国共产党解决国内民族问题的纲领。但是,若深入到当时的具体历史语境中,则可发现:那时所讲的“民族自决”不是民族分离和独立,而是新的政治力量嵌入后国家的地方存在形式。全民族抗日战争时期,鉴于对外抵抗的需要,鉴于对具体民族问题的处理,中国共产党的民族政策开始由“民族自决”向“民族自治”转变。到1949年,在筹建新中国的过程中,从中国民族的实际情况出发,中共中央最终放弃了原来民族自决和建立中华联邦共和国的设想,选择了统一国家内部地方性的民族区域自治制度,建立了一个统一的多民族的人民共和国。

At the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China,it began to explore the solution to the domestic national problems.Due to the influence of Marxist theory of national self-determination and the example of the Soviet Union,“national self-determination”and federalism had been the guidelines of the Communist Party of China to solve the domestic national problems for a long time.However,if we go deep into the specific historical context,we can find that“national self-determination”at that time is not national separation and independence,but the local existence form of new political forces embedded in the country.In 1949,in the process of preparing for the founding of New China,the CPC Central Committee finally gave up the original idea of national self-determination and the establishment of the Federal Republic of China,and chose to unify the regional national autonomy system within the country and establish a unified multi-ethnic people’s republic.