意识现象学论域中的人格问题

Personality Problem in the Field of Phenomenology of Consciousness

原则上,在所有文化中均可找到与"人格"所指相类似的东西,不过其含义始终忽隐忽显。当我们今天谈论人格、人格心理学以及胡塞尔后期讨论的人格性现象学时,我们所说的意识层面上的"人格"意味着一种精神的个体统一性。人格理论研究的一条重要进路在于对本性与习性的发生脉络的关注与追踪。而胡塞尔人格现象学的思考此前和如今仍然处在这样的语境之中。它对人格或心性问题的讨论是与同时代思想家对此问题的思考相衔接的,但也有其自己的特点,即从意识体验的一元出发,亦即从意识现象学的立场出发对人格或心性问题的讨论,主要包含本性现象学和习性现象学两个方面。这里的工作与卢梭提出的"从人类现有的性质中辨别出哪些是原始的,哪些是人为的"之要求是相呼应的。

In principle,something similar to“personality”can be found in all cultures,but its meaning is always vague.When we talk about personality,personality psychology and Husserl’s later discussion of personality phenomenology,what we call“personality”on the level of consciousness means a kind of individual unity of spirit.An important approach to the study of personality theory is to pay attention to and track the occurrence of nature and habit.But Husserl’s phenomenology of personality is still in this context before and now.Its discussion of personality or mind is connected with the thinking of contemporary thinkers on this issue,but it also has its own characteristics,that is,starting from the monism of consciousness experience,which mainly includes two aspects:phenomenology of nature and phenomenology of habit.The work here is in line with Rousseau’s request to distinguish what is primitive and what is man-made from the existing nature of mankind.